Kidney disease, sometimes known as renal disease, is a complex and potentially serious condition that affects the functioning of the kidneys. The kidneys are vital internal organs that filter waste and excess fluids from the bloodstream. Understanding the condition’s common symptoms, causes, and available treatments is crucial for early detection and better management. Continue reading as we delve into these aspects to provide valuable insights into kidney disease and its care.

Signs and symptoms
The following are a few common warning signs to watch out for. Those who experience these should consult an expert for evaluation and guidance:

Fatigue
Unexplained and persistent fatigue is a common early symptom of kidney disease. The kidneys play a significant role in filtering waste from the blood. When they don’t function properly, toxins can accumulate, leading to fatigue.

Changes in urination
Kidney disease can cause changes in urinary habits, such as frequent urination (especially at night), blood in the urine, foamy urine, and difficulty or pain during urination.

Swelling (edema)
When the kidneys don’t remove excess sodium and fluid from the body, one may notice a swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, and around the eyes.

Shortness of breath
Excess fluid buildup due to impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

Hypertension
The kidneys play a big role in regulating blood pressure. When they don’t work properly, it can lead to hypertension or high blood pressure. It’s often an early sign of kidney problems. High blood pressure can further damage the kidneys—a dangerous cycle.

Loss of appetite
Long-term loss of appetite can be a symptom of advanced kidney disease. It can make a person weak and worsen fatigue.

Metallic taste
A persistent metallic taste in the mouth can sometimes be attributed to waste buildup in the bloodstream due to kidney dysfunction.

Abdominal pain
Kidney-related abdominal pain is typically felt in the lower back or just below the ribcage, on either side of the spine.

Nausea and vomiting
As waste products accumulate in the body, they can trigger nausea and, in some cases, vomiting.

Causes and risk factors
Several factors can raise one’s risk of developing kidney disease:

Diabetes
Uncontrolled diabetes is a leading cause. High blood sugar may damage the blood vessels in one’s kidneys over time.

High blood pressure
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can strain the small blood vessels in the kidneys, triggering kidney damage.

Genetics
Some kidney diseases, like polycystic kidney disease, are hereditary. In other words, they can be passed down through generations.

Infections
Certain infections, like urinary tract infections (UTIs), can lead to kidney damage if left untreated.

Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune diseases like lupus can cause the immune system to attack the kidneys, leading to inflammation and damage.

Treatment and management
While it’s not possible to entirely reverse kidney disease, treatment can help stop its progression and manage the symptoms. The treatment depends on the condition’s cause, severity, and stage. Dialysis and kidney transplant are two common approaches:

Dialysis
Dialysis is a life-saving treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or severe kidney damage. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are its common types. In hemodialysis, the patient’s blood is circulated through a machine, which filters waste products and excess fluids before returning it to the body. This is typically done at a dialysis center. Peritoneal dialysis involves using a peritoneum (a membrane in the abdomen) to filter waste and excess fluids. It can be done at home and offers more flexibility for some patients.

Kidney transplant
This is a long-term solution for aggravated cases of kidney disease. A transplant can provide a better quality of life and eliminate the need for ongoing dialysis.

Lifestyle changes and remedies
Besides undergoing treatment, patients may adopt the following lifestyle changes and remedies after consulting an expert:

Healthy nutrition
A registered nutritionist can help patients create a customized food plan that addresses their needs. One is usually advised to monitor protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to prevent further damage. In addition, individuals are recommended a meal plan rich in fruits, whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins and devoid of processed foods and excessive salt.

Hydration
Water helps the kidneys flush out toxins and waste from the body. So, one must stay hydrated at all times. It’s also advisable to avoid dehydrating agents like caffeine that can strain the kidneys.

Controlling blood sugar and pressure
Patients with diabetes should control their blood sugar levels to prevent further kidney damage. Regular monitoring and management of blood pressure is also crucial.

Exercise
Regular exercise can help improve joint weakness and fatigue associated with the disorder, but one should consult an expert to draw up a customized exercise regimen.

Kidney disease is a complex condition that requires careful management. If someone suspects kidney problems or exhibits any symptoms, they must consult a healthcare professional promptly. While it’s not entirely possible to reverse kidney disease, early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and preserve kidney function.